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x t s Người đoạt giải Nobel Sinh lý học và Y khoa
1901 – 1925	Behring (1901) Ross (1902) Finsen (1903) Pavlov (1904) Koch (1905) Golgi / Ramón y Cajal (1906) Laveran (1907) Mechnikov / Ehrlich (1908) Kocher (1909) Kossel (1910) Gullstrand (1911) Carrel (1912) Bárány (1913) Bordet (1919) Krogh (1920) Hill / Meyerhof (1922) Banting / Macleod (1923) Einthoven (1924)
1926 – 1950	Fibiger (1926) Wagner-Jauregg (1927) Nicolle (1928) Eijkman / Hopkins (1929) Landsteiner (1930) Warburg (1931) Sherrington / Adrian (1932) Morgan (1933) Whipple / Minot / Murphy (1934) Spemann (1935) Dale / Loewi (1936) Szent-Györgyi (1937) Heymans (1938) Domagk (1939) Dam / Doisy (1943) Erlanger / Gasser (1944) Fleming / Chain / Florey (1945) Muller (1946) C.Cori / G.Cori / Houssay (1947) Müller (1948) Hess / Moniz (1949) Kendall / Reichstein / Hench (1950)
1951 – 1975	Theiler (1951) Waksman (1952) Krebs / Lipmann (1953) Enders / Weller / Robbins (1954) Theorell (1955) Cournand / Forssmann / Richards (1956) Bovet (1957) Beadle / Tatum / Lederberg (1958) Ochoa / Kornberg (1959) Burnet / Medawar (1960) Békésy (1961) Crick / Watson / Wilkins (1962) Eccles / Hodgkin / Huxley (1963) Bloch / Lynen (1964) Jacob / Lwoff / Monod (1965) Rous / Huggins (1966) Granit / Hartline / Wald (1967) Holley / Khorana / Nirenberg (1968) Delbrück / Hershey / Luria (1969) Katz / Euler / Axelrod (1970) Sutherland (1971) Edelman / Porter (1972) Frisch / Lorenz / Tinbergen (1973) Claude / Duve / Palade (1974) Baltimore / Dulbecco / Temin (1975)
1976 – 2000	Blumberg / Gajdusek (1976) Guillemin / Schally / Yalow (1977) Arber / Nathans / Smith (1978) Cormack / Hounsfield (1979) Benacerraf / Dausset / Snell (1980) Sperry / Hubel / Wiesel (1981) Bergström / Samuelsson / Vane (1982) McClintock (1983) Jerne / Köhler / Milstein (1984) Brown / Goldstein (1985) Cohen / Levi-Montalcini (1986) Tonegawa (1987) Black / Elion / Hitchings (1988) Bishop / Varmus (1989) Murray / Thomas (1990) Neher / Sakmann (1991) Fischer / Krebs (1992) Roberts / Sharp (1993) Gilman / Rodbell (1994) Lewis / Nüsslein-Volhard / Wieschaus (1995) Doherty / Zinkernagel (1996) Prusiner (1997) Furchgott / Ignarro / Murad (1998) Blobel (1999) Carlsson / Greengard / Kandel (2000)
2001 – nay	Hartwell / Hunt / Nurse (2001) Brenner / Horvitz / Sulston (2002) Lauterbur / Mansfield (2003) Axel / Buck (2004) Marshall / Warren (2005) Fire / Mello (2006) Capecchi / Evans / Smithies (2007) Barré-Sinoussi / Montagnier / zur Hausen (2008) Blackburn / Greider / Szostak (2009) Robert Edwards (2010) Bruce Beutler / Jules A. Hoffmann / Ralph M. Steinman (qua đời trước đó) (2011) John Gurdon / Yamanaka (2012) James Rothman / Randy Schekman / Thomas Südhof (2013) John O'Keefe / May-Britt Moser / Edvard Moser (2014) William C. Campbell / Ōmura / Đồ U U (2015) Ōsumi (2016) Jeffrey C. Hall / Michael Rosbash / Michael W. Young (2017) James P. Allison/ Tasuku Honjo (2018) Peter J. Ratcliffe / William Kaelin Jr. / Gregg L. Semenza (2019)

Người đoạt giải Nobel Sinh lý học và Y khoa

1901 – 1925

Behring (1901)
Ross (1902)
Finsen (1903)
Pavlov (1904)
Koch (1905)
Golgi / Ramón y Cajal (1906)
Laveran (1907)
Mechnikov / Ehrlich (1908)
Kocher (1909)
Kossel (1910)
Gullstrand (1911)
Carrel (1912)
Bárány (1913)
Bordet (1919)
Krogh (1920)
Hill / Meyerhof (1922)
Banting / Macleod (1923)
Einthoven (1924)

1926 – 1950

Fibiger (1926)
Wagner-Jauregg (1927)
Nicolle (1928)
Eijkman / Hopkins (1929)
Landsteiner (1930)
Warburg (1931)
Sherrington / Adrian (1932)
Morgan (1933)
Whipple / Minot / Murphy (1934)
Spemann (1935)
Dale / Loewi (1936)
Szent-Györgyi (1937)
Heymans (1938)
Domagk (1939)
Dam / Doisy (1943)
Erlanger / Gasser (1944)
Fleming / Chain / Florey (1945)
Muller (1946)
C.Cori / G.Cori / Houssay (1947)
Müller (1948)
Hess / Moniz (1949)
Kendall / Reichstein / Hench (1950)

1951 – 1975

Theiler (1951)
Waksman (1952)
Krebs / Lipmann (1953)
Enders / Weller / Robbins (1954)
Theorell (1955)
Cournand / Forssmann / Richards (1956)
Bovet (1957)
Beadle / Tatum / Lederberg (1958)
Ochoa / Kornberg (1959)
Burnet / Medawar (1960)
Békésy (1961)
Crick / Watson / Wilkins (1962)
Eccles / Hodgkin / Huxley (1963)
Bloch / Lynen (1964)
Jacob / Lwoff / Monod (1965)
Rous / Huggins (1966)
Granit / Hartline / Wald (1967)
Holley / Khorana / Nirenberg (1968)
Delbrück / Hershey / Luria (1969)
Katz / Euler / Axelrod (1970)
Sutherland (1971)
Edelman / Porter (1972)
Frisch / Lorenz / Tinbergen (1973)
Claude / Duve / Palade (1974)
Baltimore / Dulbecco / Temin (1975)

1976 – 2000

Blumberg / Gajdusek (1976)
Guillemin / Schally / Yalow (1977)
Arber / Nathans / Smith (1978)
Cormack / Hounsfield (1979)
Benacerraf / Dausset / Snell (1980)
Sperry / Hubel / Wiesel (1981)
Bergström / Samuelsson / Vane (1982)
McClintock (1983)
Jerne / Köhler / Milstein (1984)
Brown / Goldstein (1985)
Cohen / Levi-Montalcini (1986)
Tonegawa (1987)
Black / Elion / Hitchings (1988)
Bishop / Varmus (1989)
Murray / Thomas (1990)
Neher / Sakmann (1991)
Fischer / Krebs (1992)
Roberts / Sharp (1993)
Gilman / Rodbell (1994)
Lewis / Nüsslein-Volhard / Wieschaus (1995)
Doherty / Zinkernagel (1996)
Prusiner (1997)
Furchgott / Ignarro / Murad (1998)
Blobel (1999)
Carlsson / Greengard / Kandel (2000)

2001 – nay

Hartwell / Hunt / Nurse (2001)
Brenner / Horvitz / Sulston (2002)
Lauterbur / Mansfield (2003)
Axel / Buck (2004)
Marshall / Warren (2005)
Fire / Mello (2006)
Capecchi / Evans / Smithies (2007)
Barré-Sinoussi / Montagnier / zur Hausen (2008)
Blackburn / Greider / Szostak (2009)
Robert Edwards (2010)
Bruce Beutler / Jules A. Hoffmann / Ralph M. Steinman (qua đời trước đó) (2011)
John Gurdon / Yamanaka (2012)
James Rothman / Randy Schekman / Thomas Südhof (2013)
John O'Keefe / May-Britt Moser / Edvard Moser (2014)
William C. Campbell / Ōmura / Đồ U U (2015)
Ōsumi (2016)
Jeffrey C. Hall / Michael Rosbash / Michael W. Young (2017)
James P. Allison/ Tasuku Honjo (2018)
Peter J. Ratcliffe / William Kaelin Jr. / Gregg L. Semenza (2019)

x t s Danh sách người nhận huy chương Copley 1951–2000
David Keilin (1951) Paul Dirac (1952) Albert Kluyver (1953) E. T. Whittaker (1954) Ronald Fisher (1955) Patrick Blackett (1956) Howard Florey (1957) John Edensor Littlewood (1958) Frank Macfarlane Burnet (1959) Harold Jeffreys (1960) Hans Adolf Krebs (1961) Cyril Norman Hinshelwood (1962) Paul Fildes (1963) Sydney Chapman (1964) Alan Lloyd Hodgkin (1965) William Lawrence Bragg (1966) Bernard Katz (1967) Tadeusz Reichstein (1968) Peter Medawar (1969) Alexander R. Todd (1970) Norman Pirie (1971) Nevill Francis Mott (1972) Andrew Huxley (1973) W. V. D. Hodge (1974) Francis Crick (1975) Dorothy Hodgkin (1976) Frederick Sanger (1977) Robert Burns Woodward (1978) Max Perutz (1979) Derek Barton (1980) Peter D. Mitchell (1981) John Cornforth (1982) Rodney Robert Porter (1983) Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1984) Aaron Klug (1985) Rudolf Peierls (1986) Robin Hill (1987) Michael Atiyah (1988) César Milstein (1989) Abdus Salam (1990) Sydney Brenner (1991) George Porter (1992) James D. Watson (1993) Frederick Charles Frank (1994) Frank Fenner (1995) Alan Cottrell (1996) Hugh Huxley (1997) James Lighthill (1998) John Maynard Smith (1999) Alan Battersby (2000)

Danh sách người nhận huy chương Copley 1951–2000

Tài liệu tham khảo

WikiPedia: Rodney_Robert_Porter http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/477_33.html //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10501404 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11075737 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11621436 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1925407 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3523420 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3900741 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3908556 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3913469 //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3913470

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